HISTORY OF NOVEL
1. The eighteenth century has gifted English literature two entirely new forms periodical essay and novel
2. A novel is a long narrative fiction in a prose form
3. English word ‘novel’ is derived from Italian word novella
4. A novel narrates a story embellishing it with more details of time,place,nature,people and their minds
5. Novel is easier to understand than in drama and poetry
6. The novel as a literary genre has a history of two thousand years
7. Greek romances from 2nd to 6th century
8. World’s first novel- Murasaki Shikbu- The Tale of Genji
9. European first novel- Cervantes- Don Quixote published between 1605 and 1615
10. In the 18th century, newspapers and magazines attracted a large number of readers from middle class.
11. 18th century new literature had spirit of realism and denial of romantic features like enthusiasm,passion and imagination
12. Increase in trade and commerce, along with Industrial revolution gave rise to middle class
13. Realistic picture of everyday life and problems of common people depicted in the novels.
14. The spread of machines provided time to the educated middle class for reading books
15. Novella word originated from Italian word ‘novelle’ shorter than novel
16. Novelle has one or two main characters
17. There are six elements of novel and novella
18. Theme is the central idea of the novel
19. Plot is the story or the course of events
20. Plot may be simple or complex
21. The course of events take place because of behaviour of the characters
22. Protagonist- main character is in conflict with antagonist
23. Setting is the background in which the story takes place
24. Aspects of setting- time,place,period,climate,or lifestyle
25. Plot and character are two major elements that are affected due to setting
26. The struggle between the opposite forces in the story is called conflict
27. Conflict provides interest and curiosity about the plot
28. The language and techniques used by the author is known as style
29. Realistic novel gives the effect of realism
30. Realistic novel also called as novel of manner
31. Realistic novel- complex characters rooted in social class
32. The word ‘picaresque’ is originated from Spanish word picaro which means rogue
33. Picaresque novel narrates adventures of the protagonist who is eccentric or disreputable person.
34. The word ‘epistolary’ derives from the Latin word ‘epistola’ which means a letter.
35. Epistolary novel through documents, letters, diary entries.
36. The novels that include terror, mystery, horror, thriller, supernatural, death or decay are called Gothic novels.
37. The autobiographical novel based on the life of the author
38. Allegorical novel bears more than one level of meaning
39. The surface meaning in allegorical novel is different from the symbolical meaning.
40. Utopian novel has ideal qualities
41. Psychological novel treats the internal life of the protagonist
42. Stream of consciousness term coined by William jones in Principles of psychology
43. Stream of consciousness means flow of thoughts, it narrates as they enter the mind of the character
44. The German word ‘bildungsroman’ indicates growth concerned with protagonist’s mind, spirit and characters from their childhood to adulthood
45. In the first half of the 20th century a cult of pulp magazines
46. Rajmohan’s wife by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay first in English written Indian novel
18TH CENTURY NOVELISTS
AUTHOR NOVEL YEAR
John Bunyan The Pilgrim’s Progress 1678
Aphra Behn Oroonoku 1688
Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe, Mall Flanders
Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s travels
Samuel Richardson Pamela, Clarissa
Henry Fielding
Lawrence sterne
Tobias Smollett
STALWART NOVELISTS
Charles Dickens
Walter Scott
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Horace Walpole
Thomas Hardy
Wilkie Collins
H.G Wells
20TH CENTURY NOVELISTS
E.M Forster
James Joyce
Joseph Conrad
Henry James
George Orwell
Graham Greene
D,H Lawrence
William Golding
Anthony Burgess
IMMIGRANT AUTHORS
Salman Rushdie
V.S Naipaul
Kazuo Ishigura
WOMEN NOVELISTS
Author Novel
Frances Burney Evelina
Ann Radcliffe
Mary Shelly Frankenstein
Jane Austen
Emily and Charlotte Bronte The Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre
Mary Evans
Virginia woolf
Agatha Christie
MAJOR INDIAN NOVELISTS
Mulkraj Anand
R.K Narayan
Raja Rao
Anita Desai
Nayantara Sahgal
Arun Joshi
Manohar Malgaonkar
Amitav Ghosh
Vikram Seth
Upamanyu Chatterjee
Salman Rushdie
Arvind Adiga
Arundhati Roy
Kiran Desai
Kiran Nagarkar
